File Management: Applicable SSH commands
Step 1:
In some webhosting plans it's possible to access your data via SSH. The following commands are available:Files and folders | ||
cat, tac, less, more | Output of a file content | cat <file> |
cd | Switches the directory | cd <directory> |
chmod | Changes privileges of files/folders | chmod -R 777 <directory> |
cmp, diff | Comparison of two files | cmp <file1> <file2> |
cp | Copies files/folders | cp <file1> <file2> |
csplit, split | Splits files | |
cut | Cuts columns or fields from files | |
dir | Alias for ls -a1h | dir |
du | Evaluates the storage footprint of files/folders | du --max-depth=1 -h |
grep, egrep, fgrep | Searches in files | grep -i <text> <file> |
file | Determines the file type | file -i <file> |
find | Searches for files | find -name "<file>" |
head | Output of the initial lines of a file | head <file> |
join | Merges files | join <file1> <file2> |
ln | Creates a link pointing to a file/folder | ln -s <ziel> <name> |
ls | Lists files/folders | ls -al |
ll | Alias for ls -al | ll |
la | Alias for ls -A | la |
l | Alias for ls -alF | l |
mc | Midnight Commander | mc |
md5sum, sha1sum, sum | Determines the checksum of a file | md5sum <file> |
mkdir | Creates a new folder | mkdir <directory> |
mv | Renames/moves files/folders | mv <file1> <file2> |
nl | Displays the content of a file with line numbers | nl <file> |
patch | Shows changes to a file on the basis of a diff file | patch < patch.diff |
pwd | Shows the current folder | pwd |
rename | Renames files | rename 's/<text1>/<text2>/g' * |
rm | Deletes files/folders | rm <file> |
rmdir | Deletes an empty folder | rmdir <directory> |
sort | Assorts the content of a file | sort <file> > <file_sortiert> |
tail | Output of a file content from a certain line on | tail -n 3 <file> |
touch | Changes the time stamp of a file | touch <file> |
unlink | Deletes files | unlink <file> |
wc | Displays the number of lines, terms and characters in a file | wc <file> |
Compressing and archiving | ||
bzcat, bzless, bzmore | Output of the content of bzip2 archives | bzcat <file> |
bzcmp, bzdiff | Compares the the content of bzip2 archives | bzcmp <file1> <file2> |
bzegrep, bzfgrep, bzgrep | Browses files inside bzip2 archives | bzegrep <text> <file> |
bzip2, bunzip2 | Packs/unpacks files using bzip2 | bunzip2 <file> |
bzip2recover | Restores defective bzip2 archives | bzip2recover <file> |
gzip, gunzip | Packs/unpacks files using gzip | gunzip <file> |
tar | Archives files and folders | tar cfvz backup.tar.gz <directory> |
zcat, zless, zmore | Shows the content of gzip archives | zcat <file> |
zcmp, zdiff | Compares the the content of gzip archives | zcmp <file1> <file2> |
zegrep, zfgrep, zgrep | Browses files inside gzip archives | zegrep <text> <file> |
zip, unzip | Packs/unpacks files using zip | unzip <file> |
Editors | ||
joe, mcedit, vim/vi, nano | Edits files | mcedit <file> |
sed, awk, gawk | Transforms strings | |
Network | ||
curl | Transmits files | curl <url> |
dig, nslookup | DNS server query | |
ftp | Establishes an FTP connection | ftp <hostname> |
rsync | Aligns data between source and target | rsync <quelle> <ziel> |
scp | Securely transmits files via the network | scp <user>@<hostname> |
sftp | Establishes an SFTP connection | sftp <hostname> |
ssh | Establishes a secure connection to another client | ssh <user>@<hostname> |
wget | Downloads files via HTTP/FTP | wget <hostname>/<file> |
Scripting languages | ||
php | PHP Interpreter | php <file> |
composer | Package Manager for PHP | composer |
pear | Pear | |
perl | Perl | perl <file> |
python, python2, python3 | Python | python <file> |
MySQL | ||
mysqldump | Creates a database dump | mysqldump -u LOGIN -p'PASSWORT' LOGIN > dumpDATUM.sql |
mysql | Establishes a database connection, e.g. in order to restore a database backup | mysql -u LOGIN -p'PASSWORT' LOGIN < dumpDATUM.sql |
Version Control | ||
bzr | ||
git | ||
svn | Subversion Client | |
Terminal, Shell, Background processes | ||
< | Input redirection | <command> < <file> |
> | Redirects the output into a file | <command> > <file> |
>> | Attaches the output to a file | <command> >> <file> |
| | Output redirection | find | grep <file> |
source | Reads and executes commands from a file | source <file> |
& | Initiates background processes | <command> & |
2> | Redirects the error output | <command> 2> <file> |
alias | Sets a shortcut for a command | alias ll='ls -al' |
bg | Continues background processes | |
clear | Clears the screen content | clear |
export | Exports environment variables | export <var> |
fg | Continues foreground processes | |
hash | Displays the path names of already executed commands | hash |
history | Displays the already executed commands | history |
jobs | Lists halted background processes | |
printenv, set | Displays/changes environment variables | |
pv | Monitors the progression of a task | |
reset | Restores the terminal character set | reset |
sleep | Puts a process to sleep | |
[Strg] + c | Aborts the current process in the shell ab | |
[Strg] + z | Halts the current process in the shell | |
stty | Queries/changes terminal settings | |
unalias | Deletes the alias of a command | unalias ll |
watch | Periodically executes the command and shows output | |
Miscellaneous | ||
date | Displays date and time | date |
echo | Output of text | echo "Hello World!" |
exit | Terminates the current session | exit |
expand | Converts tabs into spaces | expand <file> |
expr | Performs calculations | expr 1 + 1 |
groups | Displays the groups of the current user | groups |
hostname | Displays the own hostname | hostname |
iconv, recode | Converts character sets | |
id | Displays the own username/group name | id |
kill | Send signals to processes, e.g. in order to terminate them | |
time | Performs time measurements of processes | time <command> |
tr | Replaces characters | |
uname | Displays system informations | uname -a |
unexpand | Converts spaces into tabs | unexpand <file> |
uniq | One-time output of identical, batched lines | |
whoami | Displays the own login name | whoami |
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